CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

A.  Research Method
In this research, the writer uses the experimental research to know the real data that got from the respondent. Experimental research is a research technique that tests the hypothesis which has the form of cause and effect relations by manipulating dependent variables during manipulating time, the writer has to control extraneous variables, perhaps the transitional that  occurred really as an effect of manipulating which is out caused by other variables. Donald et, al. stated that “An experiment is a scientific investigation in which the researcher manipulates one or more independent variables, controls any other relevant variables, and observes the effect of the manipulations on the dependent variable(s).” Experimental Research is The Appropriate approach when we want to know about the frequency and magnitude wich with something happens is defferent externally determined circumtances. kinds of experiment techniques are pre experimental design, true experimental design, and quasi experimental design that one of other has different characteristics.
The data analysis uses is the quantitative research it means that the writer collects the data from the field and must go to place of the research. Moreover, in this research the writer uses quasi-experiment because in the research there will be pre-test and post-test get the data. Two classes where involved in this research, it is experimental class and control class. The experimental class consists of the students who received treatment. However, the control class was not. Both classes received a pre-test on whatever instrument is used to assess the effect of the experiment before the treatment has been given. To make this research more clear, the writer provided the research design as follows:
Table 3.1 
Quasi Experiment Design
No	Class	Pre-test	Treatment	Post-test	
1.	Experimental class	X	X	X	
2.	Control class	X	0	X	

B.  Place and Time
The writer takes a place of this research at the first grade of the First Grade of MTs Al-Khairiyah Tambang Ayam Anyer. This research was conducted on August 2018, it was during four meetings. The writer chose that school to conduct this research because students in the First Grade of MTs Al-Khairiyah Tambang Ayam Anyer felt difficult in English learning, and the learning strategy such as writing the whole text is not effective, it makes students were bored in English learning process.
C.  Population and Sample
1.	Population
According Fraenkel and Wallen that “In educational research, the population of interest is usually a group of persons (students, teachers, or otherindividuals) who possess certain characteristics.”The population of this research are entire students of the First Grade of MTs Al-Khairiyah Tambang Ayam Anyer 2018/2019. There are two classes in first grade of the First Grade of MTs Al-Khairiyah Tambang Ayam Anyer. The details of data class is represented in the below table: 
2.	Sample
According to Fraenkel and Wallen that “A sample is any part of a population of individuals on whom information isobtained.”In this research, the writer uses Non probability sampling where to get the data using saturated sampling or known with census sampling. saturated sampling is part of non probability sampling where all members of population are sample.Because it was only two classes in first grade.
The writer took two classes as sample research from the first grade students MTs Al-Khairiyah Tambang Ayam Anyer. The writer took class VII A as Experimental class with 25 students and VII B as Control class with 25 students. 
D.  Technique of Data Collecting
The research used three kinds of research instruments namely interview, observation, and test. This technique is used in order to get specific data related to problems of research. The instruments of research will be discussed in the followings paragraphs.
1. Interview
	Interview is one of technique collecting data, information, or opinion with conversation and question-answer, both direct and indirect with data resource. This interview is referred to the students to get accurately data about student’s response of using Picture Series in Teaching Procedure Text writing at the First Grade of MTs Al-Khairiyah Tambang Ayam Anyer.
2. Observation
The writer observes the application activities of technique and the way to learn reading comprehension in the class. Information will be got from:
a. The student’s enthusiastic in Picture Series in Teaching Procedure Text writing at the First Grade of MTs Al-Khairiyah Tambang Ayam Anyer
b. The situation in the class of English subject, especially in teaching and writing ability in procedure text, picture series in learning writing ability
3. Test
	According to Noam Chomsky “Test one of technique or process to know about students’ ability, knowledge or performance (skills) in a given domain”. Then, the writer uses test to get data and information for student’s value. In this research, the writer gives the students two test. Test consists of pre-test and post-test. The test is purposed to find out whether students reading score is better than before or not. 
a. Pre-test 
The writer using pre test before using picture series to know students writing procedure text
b. Post-Test
Post test carry out in order to check the different between two grups (control grups and experiment grup) after the writer give the treatment for experiment grup and traditional method to control grups. The result of the post test is used to know that thre is significant different of two grups.

E.  Technique of Data Analyzing
To analyze the data, the writer applied the following techniques:
1.	Preparing the key
2.	Correcting and scoring the students’ answer sheet
3.	Computing the students’ correct answer on the test
4.	After the data was collected, and then analyzing the data, to find out the result on Student’s writing ability in procedure text, by using picture saries .Quantitative is analyzed by statistic calculation of t-test with the formula are follow:
a.	Determining Range, Interval class
b.	Making distribution frequency 
c.	Determining mean, by formula:
	Mean	= Mˈ+ i 
d.	Determining standard deviation, by formula:
	SD	=i
e.	Determining error standard
	SE	= 
f.	Making the polygon graphic 
g.	Comparing the scores of experimental and control class.
h.	Determining average score
	M = M2 – M1
i.	Determining difference of error standard
SEMx – SEMy= 
j.	After getting the data from pre-test and post-test, the writer analyzis it by using statistic calculation of T-test with the degree of significances 5 % and 1%. 
The formulas of T-test as follow:
to=
F.Research Hypothesis 
Donald et al., in Introduction to Research in Education, said that a research hypothesis states the relationship one expects to find as a result of the research. It may be a statement about the expected relationship or the expected difference between the variables in the study. A hypothesis is a specific statement of prediction. It describes in concrete (rather than theoretical) terms what the writer expect will happen in this study.
Related to the objective of the research and definition of hypotheses above, the study proposes the null hypothesis (H0) and alternative hypothesis (Ha) which is be formulated as follows:
If  : the alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted and null hypothesis (H0) is rejected. It means that there is significant difference between teaching writing ability in procedure text, by using picture series and writing ability in procedure text without writing ability in procedure text, by using picture series. It means that using using picture series has significant influence in teaching writing ability in procedure text.
If  : the null hypothesis (H0) is accepted and alternative hypothesis (Ha) is rejected. It means that there is no significant difference between teaching writing ability in procedure text, by using picture series